Hi ijustlovemath,
"Do you have any suggestions for looking up error codes for a given VI? Sometimes I just dive into the block diagram, but it's often the case that the low low level subVIs are locked." - Sam was correct when he mentioned "No, there isn't any documentation that I know of that tells you what errors could be returned by a VI.".
I have just posted a LabVIEW Idea that asks for the detailed help of each node or native VI to list the error codes that could be generated by that node or VI: The detailed help of each node and each native VI should list all error codes that can be produced b... . I added a comment to that idea in which I used your question above as a data point that supports the idea.
Kind regards,
Petru